Engler 1909 included the bryophyta and pteridophyta under embryophyta. The origin and early evolution of plants on land pdf. Pteridophytes are mostly terrestrial sometimes growing in the moist and shady regions. Ethnobotanical studies of 40 pteridophytes species by uddin et al. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions. Tippo 1942 considered tracheophyta to include pteridophytes and spermatophytes. Ecology and evolution of pteridophytes in the era of molecular genetics.
They are used for medicinal purposes and as soil binders and frequently grown as ornamental plants. The first vascular plants rapidly diversified to cover the earth. It is speculated that life began in the oceans, and through millions of years of evolution, life slowly adapted on to dry land. Evolution of hawaiian ferns and fern allies in relation to.
Even today, many tribal communities and rural populations are dependent heavily upon the natural resources obtained from the surrounding forest regions for treatment of various ailments and diseases. Jan 23, 2017 occurence most of the pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions selaginella lepidophylla. Various animals use the fronds as food while birds and small creatures use the plants for cover. Occurrence and evolution of pteridophytes with its origin and economic importance in pteridophyta is a group of ancient plants. Pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term or sensu lato, are vascular plants. The cryptogamia was further divided into thallophyta. Click download or read online button to get pteridophyta book now. The pteridophytes spore bearing vascular plants have been around for 408 milloin years. The classes in this division represent some of the oldest lineages of land plants. Botany pteridophytes class notes for students and teachers of life science biological science.
Pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and freeliving, although the sporophyte is generally much larger and more conspicuous. Some of the species belonging to this division have small leaves called as the microphylls. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are epiphytes. These gametophytes are freeliving, multicellular and photosynthetic. Among green plant lineages, none are as speciesrich as vascular plants tracheophytes. Pdf molecular evolution of pteridophytes and their relationship to. Pteridophyta have life cycle known as metagenesis with two generations, they are sporophyte and gametophyte generations. Engler 1909 included the bryophyta and pteridophyta under. In this course we are going to use the term pteridophyte to refer to nonseed vascular plants, i. The pteridophytes occupy an intermediate position between the bryophytes and gymnosperms. Pteridophytes free download as powerpoint presentation. Besides having various medicinal properties, the pteridophytes are also employed for a variety of commercial and environmental purposes. Pteridophyta sporeproducing vascular plants 2 no transcript 3 ferns sporeproducing vascular plants 4 ferns are sporeproducing vascular plants that have true leaves, roots, and stems.
Haeckel 1866 called these groups of plants as pteridophytes because of their pinnate or feather like fronds leaves. Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes. In general, pteridophytes have a long fossil record and. Pteridophyta is designed to fulfill the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of botany. They are first terrestrial plants having vascular tissues, i. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that disperses spores. Pteridophyta in the broad interpretation of the term are. They are preserved in the form of fossils or coal deposits.
Generally, the gametophytes require damp and cool places to grow, due to their dependence on water. Occurence most of the pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions selaginella lepidophylla. Firstly all the botanists divided the plant kingdom into two large groups cryptogamia and phanerogamia, linnaeus 1754 used the term cryptogams for the first time for those plants which did not possess visible sex organs. Download pteridophytesandgymnosperms ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. Click download or read online button to get pteridophytes of nepal book now. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows. An introduction to pteridophyta top results of your surfing an introduction to pteridophyta start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. Sharma 2000 reported the ethnobotanical uses of ferns from rajasthan, india. International research botany group 2017 international. International research botany group 2017 international botany project international research botany group international botany project non profit research institute research service botanical team recycled paper free for members of international equisetological association. Some pteridophytes are aquatic marselia, azolla and some are epiphytes ophioglossum pendulum.
View and download powerpoint presentations on classification of pteridophytes ppt. Read the introductory remarks and list of characteristics of the bryophytes p. Styrylpyrones occur in pteridophytes and in angiosperms, and they are common constituents in fungi, mainly in the basidiomycetes. They formed the dominant part of the earths during palaeozoic and mesozoic periods. Pteridophytes general characters and life cycle of ferns email. General characters characteristics, life cycle, alternation of generation and life cycle of pteridophytes ferns ppt and pdf download. Occurrence and evolution of pteridophytes biology boom. A pteridophyte sensu lato is a vascular plant that reproduces via spores, and therefore was a member of the former and now invalid taxon pteridophyta. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification. Pteridophytes ferns and lycophytes are free sporing vascular plants that have a life cycle with alternating, free living gametophyte and sporophyte phases that are independent at maturity. The innhabitants of dry land are selaginella rupestris, selaginella lepidophylla, equisetum arvens etc pteridophytes shows large variation in the form, size and habit. Multiple choice questions on pteridophytes gymnosperm. The different species of selaginella are grown as the garden plants.
Problems of cytology and evolution in the pteridophyta. The sexuality of pteridophytic gametophytes can be classified as follows. Ecology and evolution of pteridophytes in the era of. The empirical basis of botanical systematics has been broadened far beyond the realm of macromorphological traits on which systematists have based their decisions for more than 200 years. Neet biology notes plant kingdom pteridophytes pteridophytes the pteridophytes include horsetails and ferns. All pteridophytes have a true alternation of generations, in which a dominant sporophyte generation produces spores through meiosis, and a freeliving gametophyte generation forms gametes egg and sperm by mitosis. However, the pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and freeliving. Ferns and fern allies reproduce simply by windblown spores, but flowering plants re quire transfer by pollen grains to. The plant body can be divided into a true root, stem, and leaves. Unlike the bryophytes, these plants are in the mainstream of land plant evolution and eventually gave rise to the seed plants. The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20.
The bryophytes are a group of simple land plants which in many ways are an evolutionary dead end. Like reptiles first true land animals that evolved after. Not too many people know that pteridophytes are vascular plants that have leaves, roots and sometimes true stems. Mar 28, 2015 multiple choice questions on pteridophytes. And among the first of the plants to truly live on land were the pteridophytes. Some other uses are ferns provide natural vegetation thats important to both wildlife and birds. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about classification of pteridophytes ppt. Download fulltext pdf this pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not th erefore effectively published melbourne code. Paleobotany section deals with important fossil genera from pteridophytes and gymnospersm. The pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. Pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and free living, although the sporophyte is generally much larger and more conspicuous. Stelar theory, components of stele, different types of steles in plants, protostele. In the plant evolution, there was a high need for heterospory because it independently arose in.
All pteridophytes have a true alternation of generations, in which a dominant sporophyte generation produces spores through meiosis, and a free living gametophyte generation forms gametes egg and sperm by mitosis. Stelar evolution in pteridophytes ppt types of steles and its evolution in pteridophytes ppt what is stele. Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body, different. They formed the dominant part of the earths during palaeozoic and mesozoic periods on soral evolution. Many pteridophytes supplement their sexual cycles with various forms of vegetative reproduction yatskievych 2003. The evolution of stele in pteridophytes and higher plants. Be aware that some people use this term just to refer to ferns.
Most pteridophytes are terrestrial plants and thrive well in abundant moisture and shade while some flourish well in open, dry situations especially in xeric conditions. Download pdf pteridophytesandgymnosperms free online. A textbook of bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and. The lycopodopsida clubmoss class was the first branch of the evolutionary tree. For this very reason, the growth of pteridophytes is confined to certain geographical areas. In this article we will discuss about the classification of pteridophytes. Ferns can be used to illustrate the life cycle stages common to all pteridophytes. Reproductive biology of pteridophytes springerlink. The innhabitants of dry land are selaginella rupestris, selaginella lepidophylla, equisetum arvens etc. Pteridophyte definition of pteridophyte by merriamwebster. Q2 write about the salient features of the pteridophytes. Pteridophyta biology general studies all competitive.
Useful notes on the classification of pteridophytes. In 1880, the cryptogams of the plant kingdom were divided. Molecular evolution of pteridophytes and their relationship to seed plants. The body of the sporophyte is well differentiated into roots, stem and leaves. A chemosystematic overview of pteridophytes and gymnosperms. The pteridophytes are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that produce neither flowers nor. Pdf complete 18s ribosomal rna sequence data from representatives of.
You can download the ppt by clicking on the download link below the. Experimental studies of bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnospersms are discussed from recent literature. The sporophyte was the dominant phase of the life cycle of these early pteridophytes. The pteridophytes are the spore bearing vascular plants and are distinguished from the other cryptogams by the possession of vascular tissues xylem and phloem.
Engler 1886 suggested the term embryophyta to include bryophytes, pteridophytes, and spermatophytes. Similar to the life cycle of seed plants, the pteridophytes also involves the alternation of generations in its life cycle. Pdf the role and success of pteridophytes in the vascular land. Eichler 1883 divided the plant kingdom into cryptogamia and phanerogamia. Like reptiles first true land animals that evolved. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Pteridophytes of nepal download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Ebook pteridophyta as pdf download portable document format. Click download or read online button to pteridophytesandgymnosperms book pdf for free now. These gametophytes are free living, multicellular and photosynthetic.
Pteridophytes shows large variation in the form, size and habit. Therefore pteridophytes are no longer considered to form a valid taxon, but the term is still used as an informal way to refer to ferns, horsetails, clubmosses and whisk ferns. A concept based exclusive material pteridophytes, gymnosperms. Pteridophyta, gymnospermae and monocotyledones by gelert, o. Pteridophytes ferns and lycophytes are freesporing vascular plants that have a life cycle with alternating. The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body. Pteridophyta download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. However, the pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and free living. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. This is why seed plants together with ferns have a name vascular plants. Pteridophyte definition is any of a division pteridophyta of vascular plants such as a fern that have roots, stems, and leaves but lack flowers or seeds. Neet biology notes plant kingdom pteridophytes cbse tuts. They also studied the use of pteridophytes as a vegetable and herbal medicine.
The book gives a detailed account of the life cycles including morphology, physiology, dispersal mechanisms, stages, etc. The teeth along the rim of the sheaths represent free leaf tips. Mar 28, 2015 mar 28, 2015 multiple choice questions on pteridophytes. Pteridophyta, ferns and allies, have approximately 12000 species and six classes.
Almost all important genera are discussed giving details of structure, anatomy, developmental stages of reproductive organs from different sections like bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnospersm. The origin and early diversification of land plants marks an interval. Ebook an introduction to pteridophyta as pdf download. The current trends in the subject are explained in a simple, lucid and understandablewriting style.
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